- 考前猜題
一、試述FRBR的三組實體的名稱及其定義。
Ans:
第一組實體(Group 1 Entities):書目紀錄命名或描述有關智性或藝術性的產品
The products of intellectual or artistic endeavour that are named or described in bibliographic records.
1.Work作品:a distinct intellectual or artistic creation.
獨有的知識或藝術的創作
2.Expression內容表達:the intellectual or artistic realization of a work.
一部作品的知識或藝術的實現
3.Manifestation載體表現:the physical embodiment of an expression of a work.
一部作品的內容表達的物理體現
4.Item單件:a single exemplar of a manifestation.
一種具體表現的單一樣本
第二組實體(Group 2 Entities):對第一組實體的智性或藝術性內涵、稽核項、傳播、典藏負責任的實體
Those entities responsible for the intellectual or artistic content, the physical production and dissemination, or the custodianship of the entities in the first group.
1.Person個人:an individual.
一個個體的人
2.Corporate body團體:an organization or group of individuals and/or organizations.
一個組織或一群個人和/或組織
第三組實體(Group 3 Entities):作為智性或藝術性主題的一系列附加實體
An additional set of entities that serve as the subjects of intellectual or artistic endeavour.
1.Concept概念:an abstract notion or idea.
一個抽象的觀念或思想
2.Object實物:a material thing.
一種物質的事物
3.Event事件:an action or occurrence.
一個行動或一件發生的事情
4.Place地點:a location.
一處場所
二、試述 FRBR的第一組實體彼此的關係,並以圖說明之。
Ans:
A work may be realized through one or more than one expression. An expression, on the other hand, is the realization of one and only one work. An expression may be embodied in one or more than one manifestation; likewise a manifestation may embody one or more than one expression. A manifestation, in turn, may be exemplified by one or more than one item; but an item may exemplify one and only one manifestation.
一個作品有好幾個內容表達;一個內容表達有好幾個載體表現;一個載體表現有好幾個單件
反之,
一個內容表達實現一個作品;一個載體表現只對應一個作品,可能對應多個內容表達;一個單件只有一個載體表現
註:單箭頭(single arrow)代表兩個實體間的關係是唯一的、函數對應 one
註:雙箭頭(double arrow)代表複數、多重、雙向 many
三、FRAD將權威資料的使用者分為哪兩群?執行哪四項工作?
Ans:
For the purposes of this analysis, the users of authority data are broadly defined to include:
- authority data creators who create and maintain authority data
建立、維護權威資料的資訊工作者;權威資料的創建者、維護者
- users who use authority information either through direct access to authority data or indirectly through the controlled access points in catalogues, national bibliographies, other similar databases, etc.
直接檢索權威資料者或在目錄、國家書目、類似資料庫中間接透過受控檢索點使用權威資料的用戶
Four tasks representing all users are defined as follows:
(1)Find查找
Find an entity or set of entities corresponding to stated criteria or to explore the universe of bibliographic entities using those attributes and relationships.
查找一個或一組符合條件的實體
(2)Identify識別
Identify an entity or to validate the form of name to be used for a controlled access point.
(3)Contextualize置於上下文中闡明關係
Place a person, corporate body, work, etc., in context; clarify the relationship between two or more persons, corporate bodies, works, etc.; or clarify the relationship between a person, corporate body, etc., and a name by which that person, corporate body, etc., is known.
(4)Justify提供依據使正當
Document the authority data creator’s reason for choosing the name or form of name on which a controlled access point is based.
註:Contextualize (找上下文相關)
單獨的名詞沒有作用(例如:一字多義),必須放入前後文才會有意義
四、簡述FRAD的實體屬性。
Ans:
FRAD共分為16個實體屬性
FRAD共分為16個實體屬性
- Attributes of a Person個人的屬性
- Attributes of a Family家族的屬性
- Attributes of a Corporate Body團體的屬性
- Attributes of a Work作品的屬性
- Attributes of an Expression內容表達的屬性
- Attributes of a Manifestation載體表現的屬性
- Attributes of an Item單件的屬性
- Attributes of a Concept概念的屬性
- Attributes of an Object實物的屬性
- Attributes of an Event事件的屬性
- Attributes of a Place地點的屬性
- Attributes of a Name名稱的屬性
- Attributes of an Identifier識別字的屬性
- Attributes of a Controlled Access Point受控檢索點的屬性
- Attributes of Rules規則的屬性
- Attributes of an Agency機構的屬性
五、傳統資訊組織根據哪四個原則?
Ans:
- Principle of controlled vocabulary控制語彙
- Cutter’s rule about specificity克特訂定規則中的精準:資訊組織必須精準
- Hulme’s principle of literary warrant胡爾梅文獻保證原理:資訊必須要存在,才可以組織,不可憑空想像
- Principle of organizing from the general to the specific組織知識層次的原則由一般到特別:類目明確層次分明,例如:020→020.6→020.64
此為分隔線-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
自我檢測回顧 5/11資組心得
1.試述 FRBR的全稱、著者敘述、出版年及其中文譯名
Ans:
(1)FRBR全稱:Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
(2)FRBR著者敘述:作者分為兩組
①IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records(3)FRBR出版年:
國際圖聯書目紀錄的功能需求研究組
②Standing Committee of the IFLA Section on Cataloguing
國際圖聯常務委員會編目組 (上層認可通過)
其最終報告(Final Report)於1998年,第一次出版,經補充、修訂後,於2009年2月,發行當前版本(Current text)。
(4)FRBR中文譯名:書目記錄的功能需求 / 书目记录的功能需求
2.FRBR 認為國家書目的功能為何?
Ans:
FRBR認為國家書目的功能是讓國家書目紀錄使用者能夠:
FRBR認為國家書目的功能是讓國家書目紀錄使用者能夠:
For the purposes of this study the functional requirements for bibliographic records are defined in relation to the following generic tasks that are performed by users when searching and making use of national bibliographies and library catalogues:
(1)Using the data to "find" materials that correspond to the user’s stated search criteria.
利用資料"查找"符合使用者陳述檢索條件的資料。
(2)Using the data retrieved to "identify" an entity.
利用檢索到的資料"辨識"一個實體。
(3)Using the data to "select" an entity that is appropriate to the user’s needs.
利用資料"選擇"符合使用者需求的實體。
(4)Using the data in order to "acquire or obtain" access to the entity described.
利用資料"取得"書目紀錄所記載的實體內容。
3.FRBR使用的研究方法為何?
Ans:
FRBR使用的研究方法:實體分析(entity analysis)
Step 1:
盡量找出高階的關鍵目標(key object),並透過識別主要實體與其相互關係以圖表呈現高層次結構。分析並非首先將注意力集中於單個資料,而是資料所描述的事物。
Step 2:
識別每個實體的重要特徵或屬性。
此為分隔線-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
其他
1.試述 FRAD的全稱、著者敘述、出版年及其中文譯名
Ans:
(1)FRAD全稱:Functional Requirements for Authority Data(2)FRAD著者敘述:作者分為兩組①IFLA Working Group on Functional Requirements and Numbering of Authority Records (簡稱FRANAR)國際圖聯權威紀錄的功能需求與編號工作組②Standing Committee of the IFLA Section on Cataloguing
國際圖聯常務委員會編目組 (上層認可通過)
IFLA Classification and Indexing
國際圖聯分類索引組 (上層認可通過)
(3)FRAD出版年:其最終報告(Final Report)於2009年,第一次出版,經補充、修訂後,於2013年7月,發行當前版本。(4)FRAD中文譯名:權威資料的功能需求 / 规范数据的功能需求
2.試述FRAD的16個實體的名稱及其定義。
(1)Person個人
An individual or a persona or identity established or adopted by an individual or group.
(2)Family家族
Two or more persons related by birth, marriage, adoption, civil union, or similar legal status, or who otherwise present themselves as a family.
(3)Corporate Body團體
An organization or group of persons and/or organizations identified by a particular name acting as a unit.
(4)Work作品
A distinct intellectual or artistic creation.
(5)Expression內容表達
The intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of alphanumeric, musical, or choreographic notation, sound, image, object, movement, etc., or any combination of such forms.
(6)Manifestation載體表現
The physical embodiment of an expression of a work.
(7)Item單件
A single exemplar of a manifestation.
(8)Concept概念
An abstract notion or idea.
(9)Object實物
A material thing.
(10)Event事件
An action or occurrence.
(11)Place地點
A location.
(12)Name名稱
A character, word, or group of words and/or characters by which an entity is known.
(13)Identifier識別字
A number, code, word, phrase, logo, device, etc., that is associated with an entity, and serves to differentiate that entity from other entities within the domain in which the identifier is assigned.
(14)Controlled Access Point受控檢索點(檢索項)
A name, term, code, etc., under which a bibliographic or authority record or reference will be found.
(15)Rules規則
A set of instructions relating to the formulation and/or recording of controlled access points.
(16)Agency機構
An organization responsible for creating or modifying a controlled access point.
註:FRBR與FRAD皆採用實體分析法
註:找出屬性前要先有實體,找出關係前要先有屬性 (關係根據屬性而來)
註:FRBR與FRAD相似,取向都是功能需求
一個是deal with Bibliographic Records
一個是deal with Authority Data